FATUMA et al. (MICT-18-116-A)

Appeal

Ku itariki ya 25 Kamena 2021, Umucamanza umwe rukumbi Vagn Joensen yasomye Urubanza Porokireri aburana n’Anselme Nzabonimpa na bagenzi be. Ku itariki ya 29 Kamena 2022, Urugereko rw’Ubujurire, ku bwumvikane bw’Abacamanza bose, rwanze ubujurire bwa Fatuma maze rwemera ubujurire bwa Porokireri bwose uko bwakabaye.

MARIE ROSE FATUMA

Marie Rose Fatuma ni umupfakazi wari warashakanye na Édouard Byukusenge, wari uzwi no ku izina rya “Cenge”, akaba umuvandimwe wa Augustin Ngirabatware bahuje umubyeyi umwe.

DICK PRUDENCE MUNYESHULI

Dick Prudence Munyeshuli yabaye umupererezi w’Ubwunganizi mu manza zinyuranye zaburanishijwe na TPIR na IRMCT. Kuva nko muri Kanama 2015 kugera muri Mutarama 2018, yari umupererezi mu ikipe y’Ubwunganizi bwa Augustin Ngirabatware.

AUGUSTIN NGIRABATWARE

Muri Nyakanga 1990, Augustin Ngirabatware yagizwe Minisitiri w’Imigambi ya Reta, akaba ari uwo mwanya yagumyeho muri Guverinoma y’Agateganyo y’u Rwanda muri Mata 1994. Ni umwe mu bari bagize Komite y’ishyaka rya Muvoma Iharanira Repubulika, Demokarasi n’Amajyambere (“MRND”) ku rwego rwa Perefegitura ya Gisenyi no ku rwego rw’igihugu, ndetse n’umwe mu bari bagize akanama k’impuguke ka Komine ya Nyamyumba.


JEAN DE DIEU NDAGIJIMANA

Kugera hagati mu mwaka wa 1994, Jean de Dieu Ndagijimana yari umwarimu akaba n’umuyobozi w’amashuri muri Gisenyi. Mu bigo by’amashuri yakozeho, harimo icya Kiloji n’icya Bwitereke.

ANSELME NZABONIMPA

Kugera hagati mu mwaka wa 1994, Anselme Nzabonimpa yari Burugumesitiri wa Komine ya Kayove, muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, mu Rwanda.

 

Inyandiko z’ibirego

Inyandiko y’ibirego ya mbere, itari ibanga kandi yakuwemo ibigomba kugirwa ibanga, yakorewe Maximilien Turinabo, Anselme Nzabonimpa, Jean de Dieu Ndagijimana, Marie Rose Fatuma na Dick Prudence Munyeshuli yatanzwe ku itariki ya 5 Nzeri 2018 (“Inyandiko y’ibirego yakorewe Turinabo na bagenzi be) hanyuma Inyandiko y’ibirego yahinduwe itangwa ku itariki ya 21 Ukwakira 2019.

Inyandiko itari ibanga y’Inyandiko y’ibirego yakorewe Augustin Ngirabatware yatanzwe ku itariki ya 10 Ukwakira 2019 (“Inyandiko y’ibirego yakorewe Ngirabatware”).

Ku itariki ya 10 Ukuboza 2019, hashingiwe ku Nyandiko y’ibirego yakorewe Abaregwa mu rubanza rwa Turinabo na bagenzi be n’iyakorewe Ngirabatware, urubanza rwa Maximilien Turinabo n’abo bareganwa (Anselme Nzabonimpa, Jean de Dieu Ndagijimana, Marie Rose Fatuma na Dick Prudence Munyeshuli) n’urwa Augustin Ngirabatware zarafatanyijwe.

Ku itariki ya 12 Gicurasi 2021, hatanzwe Inyandiko y’ibirego, yahinduwe bwa gatatu, ikosoye yakorewe Anselme Nzabonimpa n’abo bareganwa (Jean de Dieu Ndagijimana, Marie Rose Fatuma na Dick Prudence Munyeshuli) (“Inyandiko y’ibirego yakorewe Nzabonimpa na bagenzi be”) kugira ngo Maximilien Turinabo avanwe mu baregwa kubera ko yapfuye ku itariki ya 18 Mata 2021.

Umucamanza umwe rukumbi wa IRMCT

Bwana Vagn Joensen

Kwitaba Urukiko bwa mbere muri IRMCT

Maximilien Turinabo, Anselme Nzabonimpa, Jean de Dieu Ndagijimana, Marie Rose Fatuma na Dick Prudence Munyeshuli bitabye Urukiko bwa mbere muri IRMCT ku itariki ya 13 Nzeri 2018.

Augustin Ngirabatware yitabye Urukiko muri IRMCT ku itariki ya 17 Ukwakira 2019.

Urubanza rwaciwe na IRMCT

Urubanza rwasomwe ku itariki ya 25 Kamena 2021, Inyandiko yarwo itangwa ku itariki ya 20 Nzeri 2021.

Umucamanza umwe rukumbi yahamije Augustin Ngirabatware, Anselme Nzabonimpa, Jean de Dieu Ndagijimana na Marie Rose Fatuma icyaha cyo gusuzugura Urukiko kubera kotsa igitutu abatangabuhamya. Umucamanza umwe rukumbi yahamije kandi Augustin Ngirabatware icyaha cyo gusuzugura Urukiko kubera ko yarenze ku mategeko yatanzwe n’Urukiko; yagize umwere Dick Prudence Munyeshuli, umwe mu baregwa, ku kirego kimwe rukumbi yaregwaga cyo gusuzugura Urukiko kubera ko yarenze ku mategeko yatanzwe n’Urukiko. Umucamanza umwe rukumbi yakatiye Augustin Ngirabatware igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka ibiri. Anselme Nzabonimpa, Jean de Dieu Ndagijimana na Marie Rose Fatuma bahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo kingana n’igihe bari bamaze bafunze by’agateganyo, ni ukuvuga amezi 11 arenga.

Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rwa IRMCT

Umucamanza Carmel Agius, Perezida

Umucamanza Alphons Orie

Umucamanza Seymour Panton

Aho urubanza rugeze

Icyiciro kibanziriza ubujurire.

IBURANISHA RY’URUBANZA MURI IRMCT

IBURANISHA MU BUJURIRE (RYARAPFUNDIKIWE)

Inyandiko y’urubanza mu rw’iremezo imaze gutangwa, ku itariki ya 27 Nzeri 2021, kubera Icyifuzo gihuriweho n’amakipe y’Ubwunganizi gisaba kongererwa igihe cyo gutanga inyandiko z’ubujurire n’imyanzuro y’ubujurire yanditse, Umucamanza Carmel Agius, Perezida wa IRMCT, yashyizeho inteko y’Abacamanza batatu bo kuburanisha uru rubanza, anishyiraho ubwe ngo abe Umucamanza ushinzwe gutegura uru rubanza mu bujurire. Ku itariki ya 28 Nzeri 2021, Umucamanza utegura urubanza mu bujurire yemeye Icyifuzo gihuriweho n’amakipe y’Ubwunganizi gisaba kongererwa igihe, ategeka ko inyandiko z’ubujurire zigomba gutangwa bitarenze ku itariki ya 18 Ukwakira 2021 naho imyanzuro y’ubujurire yanditse igatangwa bitarenze ku itariki ya 17 Ugushyingo 2021.

Ku itariki ya 18 Ukwakira 2021, Marie Rose Fatuma yatanze Inyandiko y’ubujurire ajuririra Icyemezo kimuhamya icyaha; Porokireri na we atanga Inyandiko y’ubujurire ajuririra Icyemezo cyemeza ko Dick Prudence Munyeshuli ari umwere hamwe n’igihano Augustin Ngirabatware yakatiwe. Ku itariki ya 16 Ugushyingo 2021, Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rwanze Icyifuzo cya Dick Prudence Munyeshuli gisaba ko, ku byerekeranye na we, Inyandiko y’ubujurire ya Porokireri idashyirwa muri dosiye. Dick Prudence Munyeshuli, Augustin Ngirabatware na Porokireri batanze Ibisubizo byabo ku Myanzuro y’ubujurire ku itariki ya 8 Ukuboza 2021, naho Dick Prudence Munyeshuli yongera gutanga Igisubizo cye ku Myanzuro y’ubujurire ku itariki ya 17 Ukuboza 2021. Nyuma y’aho Porokireri na Marie Rose Fatuma batangiye Imyanzuro isubiza mu bujurire ku itariki ya 16 Ukuboza 2021, gutanga imyanzuro mu bujurire byararangiye.

Ku itariki ya 29 Kamena 2022, Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rwasomye urubanza. Ku bwumvikane bw’Abacamanza bose, rwanze ubujurire bwa Marie Rose Fatuma, ruvanaho, rubyibwirije, igihano Umucamanza umwe rukumbi yamukatiye kingana n’igihe yamaze afunze by’agateganyo maze rumukatira igihano cy’igifungo cy’amezi 11. Byongeye kandi, Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rwavuze ko igihano rumukatiye yakirangije hakurikijwe igihe yamaze muri Gereza ya IRMCT afunzwe by’agateganyo.

Na none, ku bwumvikane bw’Abacamanza bose, Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rwemeye ubujurire bwa Porokireri bwose uko bwakabaye. Ku bwumvikane bw’Abacamanza bose, rwavanyeho icyemezo cyemeza ko Dick Prudence Munyeshuli ari umwere, rusanga ahamwa n’icyaha hashingiwe ku Ngingo ya 1(4) (a) ya Sitati ya IRMCT n’iya 90(A) (ii) na (iii) y’Amategeko Agenga Imiburanishirize n’Itangwa ry’Ibimenyetso ya IRMCT maze rumuhamya icyaha cyo gusuzugura Urukiko kubera ko, abizi neza kandi abishaka, yabangamiye imirimo y’ubutabera. Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rwakatiye Dick Prudence Munyeshuli igihano cy’igifungo cy’amezi atanu, ruvuga ko icyo gihano yakirangije hakurikijwe igihe yamaze muri Gereza ya IRMCT afunzwe by’agateganyo.

Hanyuma, Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rwasanze Umucamanza umwe rukumbi yarakoze ikosa ryo mu rwego rw’amategeko kuba yarategetse ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka ibiri Ngirabatware yakatiwe ku cyaha cyo gusuzugura Urukiko kirangirizwa rimwe n’icy’imyaka 30 arimo kurangiza hashingiwe ku byemezo byamuhamije icyaha cya jenoside n’icyo guhamagarira abantu, mu buryo butaziguye kandi mu ruhame, gukora jenoside. Abacamanza bagize inteko y’Urugereko rw’Ubujurire, uretse Umucamanza Orie watanze igitekerezo kinyuranye n’icya bagenzi be, bavanyeho igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka ibiri Ngirabatware yakatiwe cyagombaga kurangirizwa rimwe n’icy’imyaka 30 arimo kurangiza maze rumukatira igihano cy’imyaka ibiri azarangiza nyuma y’icyo cy’imyaka 30 arimo kurangiza.

IBURANISHA RY’URUBANZA MU RW’IREMEZO (RYARARANGIYE)

Buri wese mu Baregwa uko ari batandatu yahakanye icyaha cyangwa ibyaha aregwa. Ku itariki ya 10 Ukuboza 2019, Umucamanza Vagn Joensen yafashe icyemezo cy’uko urubanza rwa Turinabo na bagenzi be n’urwa Ngirabatware, zerekeranye n’ibyaha byo gusuzugura Urukiko, zifatanywa hashingiwe ku Nyandiko z’ibirego ebyiri zitandukanye.

Ku itariki ya 21 Ukwakira 2020 habaye inama mbanzirizarubanza, hanyuma iburanisha ry’urwo rubanza rugizwe n’imanza ebyiri zafatanyijwe ritangira ku itariki ya 22 Ukwakira 2020 hatangwa Imyanzuro ya Porokireri, mu magambo, ibanziriza itangwa ry’ibimenyetso bishinja. Amakipe y’Ubwunganizi bwa Dick Prudence Munyeshuli na Augustin Ngirabatware yahisemo gutanga Imyanzuro, mu magambo, ibanziriza itangwa ry’ibimenyetso, naho Maximilien Turinabo we yafashe ijambo nk’uko biteganywa mu Ngingo ya 101 y’Amategeko Agenga Imiburanishirize n’Itangwa ry’Ibimenyetso ya IRMCT. Abatangabuhamya bashinja icyenda batanze ubuhamya mu Rukiko hagati y’itariki ya 26 Ukwakira n’iya 24 Ugushyingo 2020 n’ubuhamya bwanditse bw’abandi batangabuhamya bashinja batanu bushyirwa muri dosiye. Icyiciro cy’itangwa ry’ibimenyetso bishinja cyasojwe ku itariki ya 2 Werurwe 2021, icyo gihe ibimenyetso gihamya hafi 1.800 byari bimaze gushyirwa muri dosiye.

Imyanzuro y’Ubwunganizi mu magambo isaba ko hemezwa ko Abaregwa ari abere yumviswe ku itariki ya 8 no ku ya 9 Werurwe 2021 maze Vagn Joensen, Umucamanza umwe rukumbi, mu cyemezo yatanze mu magambo ku itariki ya 12 Werurwe 2021, ntiyemera Ibyifuzo by’Ubwunganizi byatanzwe hashingiwe ku Ngingo ya 121 y’Amategeko Agenga Imiburanishirize n’Itangwa ry’Ibimenyetso ya IRMCT. Uwo munsi kandi ni bwo habaye Inama ibanziriza itangwa ry’ibimenyetso bishinjura. Ku itariki ya 15 Werurwe 2021, hatangiye gutangwa ibimenyetso bishinjura, bibimburirwa n’Imyanzuro, mu magambo, ibanziriza itangwa ry’ibimenyetso bishinjura yatanzwe n’amakipe y’Ubwunganizi bwa Jean de Dieu Ndagijimana, yakurikiwe n’iy’Ubwunganizi bwa Maximilien Turinabo na Marie Rose Fatuma, yatangwaga buri gihe mbere y’uko Uregwa bireba atangira gutanga ibimenyetso bye. Ubuhamya bw’abatangabuhamya bashinjura bane kimwe n’ubwa Jean de Dieu Ndagijimana na Dick Prudence Munyeshuli bwumviswe mu Rukiko hagati y’itariki ya 15 Werurwe n’iya 9 Mata 2021. Icyiciro cy’itangwa ry’ibimenyetso bishinjura cyasojwe ku itariki ya 6 Gicurasi 2021 nyuma y’ishyirwa muri dosiye ry’ubuhamya bwanditse, bwatanzwe n’abatangabuhamya 31 bashinjura n’ubw’umutangabuhamya umwe w’impuguke. Inyandiko y’ibirego igenderwaho yongeye guhindurwa ku itariki ya 12 Gicurasi 2021, kugira Maximilien Turinabo avanwe mu kubera ko yapfuye ku itariki ya 18 Mata 2021.

Ababuranyi batanze Imyanzuro nsozarubanza yanditse yabo ku itariki ya 31 Gicurasi 2021 hanyuma imyanzuro nsozarubanza mu magambo itangwa ku matariki ya 21, 22 na 23 Kamena 2021. Urubanza mu rw’iremezo rwasomwe ku itariki ya 25 Kamena 2021. Umucamanza umwe rukumbi yahamije Augustin Ngirabatware, Anselme Nzabonimpa, Jean de Dieu Ndagijimana na Marie Rose Fatuma icyaha cyo gusuzugura Urukiko kubera kwivanga mu buhamya bw’abatangabuhamya. Yanahamije Augustin Ngirabatware icyaha cyo gusuzugura Urukiko kubera kurenga ku Mategeko yatanzwe n’Urukiko ariko yemeza ko Dick Prudence Munyeshuli, umwe mu baregwa, ari umwere ku kirego kimwe rukumbi cyo gusuzugura Urukiko kubera kurenga ku Mategeko yatanzwe n’Urukiko. Umucamanza umwe rukumbi yakatiye Augustin Ngirabatware igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka ibiri kirangirizwa rimwe n’icy’imyaka 30 arimo kurangiza hashingiwe ku byemezo byamuhamije icyaha cya jenoside n’icyo guhamagarira abantu, mu buryo butaziguye kandi mu ruhame, gukora jenoside. Anselme Nzabonimpa, Jean de Dieu Ndagijimana na Marie Rose Fatuma bahanishijwe ibihano by’igifungo bingana n’igihe bari bamaze bafunzwe by’agateganyo, ni ukuvuga amezi 11 arenga.

ICYICIRO KIBANZIRIZA IBURANISHA RY’URUBANZA MU RW’IREMEZO

Buri wese mu Baregwa uko ari batandatu yahakanye icyaha cyangwa ibyaha aregwa. Ku itariki ya 10 Ukuboza 2019, Umucamanza Vagn Joensen yafashe icyemezo cy’uko urubanza rwa Turinabo na bagenzi be n’urwa Ngirabatware, zerekeranye n’ibyaha byo gusuzugura Urukiko, zifatanywa hashingiwe ku Nyandiko z’ibirego ebyiri zitandukanye.

INYANDIKO Z’IBIREGO

INYANDIKO Y’IBIREGO YAKOREWE NZABONIMPA, NDAGIJIMANA, FATUMA NA MUNYESHULI

Inyandiko y’ibirego ya mbere, yakorewe Abaregwa harimo na Maximilien Turinabo (“Inyandiko y’ibirego yakorewe Turinabo na bagenzi be”), yemejwe n’Umucamanza Seon Ki Park ku itariki ya 24 Kanama 2018. Ku itariki ya 17 Ukwakira 2019, Umucamanza Vagn Joensen yemeye Icyifuzo cya Porokireri gisaba uruhushya rwo guhindura Inyandiko y’ibirego yakorewe Turinabo na bagenzi be, hanyuma Inyandiko y’ibirego yahinduwe itangwa ku itariki ya 21 Ukwakira 2019. Ku itariki ya 12 Gicurasi 2021, Porokireri ashingiye ku Itegeko Umucamanza umwe rukumbi yatanze ku itariki ya 7 Gicurasi 2021, yatanze Inyandiko y’ibirego yahinduwe bwa gatatu ikosoye (“Inyandiko y’ibirego yakorewe Nzabonimpa na bagenzi be”), igaragara ko Maximilien Turinabo atakiri umwe mu Baregwa muri uru rubanza.

Ibyo Anselme Nzabonimpa, Jean de Dieu Ndagijimana, Marie Rose Fatuma na Dick Prudence Munyeshuli baregwa bivugwa mu Nyandiko y’ibirego yakorewe Nzabonimpa na bagenzi be, birimo ibyaha bikurikira:

Ikirego cya 1- Gusuzugura TPIR na IRMCT

  • Anselme Nzabonimpa, Jean de Dieu Ndagijimana na Marie Rose Fatuma
  • Kotsa igitutu abatangabuhamya barindiwe umutekano

Ikirego cya 2 - Guhamagarira abantu gusuzugura TPIR NA IRMCT

  • Anselme Nzabonimpa, Jean de Dieu Ndagijimana na Marie Rose Fatuma
  • Baregwa no guhamagarira abandi bantu gukora icyaha cyo gusuzugura Urukiko kubera kotsa igitutu abatangabuhamya barindiwe umutekano cyangwa iki cyaha bakakirwozwa baramutse badahamwe n’icyaha cyo mu kirego cya 1

Ikirego cya 3 - Gusuzugura TPIR na IRMCT

  • Dick Prudence Munyeshuli
  • Kuba, abizi neza, yaramenyekanishije imyirondoro y’abatangabuhamya barindiwe umutekano arenze ku Mategeko yatanzwe n’Urukiko
  • Kuba yaravuganye, ku buryo buziguye kandi bubujijwe, n’abatangabuhamya barindiwe umutekano, arenze nkana ku Mategeko yatanzwe n’Urukiko

INYANDIKO Y’IBIREGO YAKOREWE NGIRABATWARE

Ku itariki ya 10 Ukwakira 2019, Umucamanza Vagn Joensen yemeje Inyandiko y’ibirego yakorewe Ngirabatware. Uwo munsi kandi, Porokireri yatanze inyandiko itari ibanga y’iyo Nyandiko y’ibirego.

Ibyo Augustin Ngirabatware aregwa, nk’uko bisobanurwa mu Nyandiko y’ibirego yihariye, birimo ibyaha bikurikira:

Ikirego cya 1- Gusuzugura TPIR na IRMCT

  • Augustin Ngirabatware
  • Kotsa igitutu abatangabuhamya barindiwe umutekano

Ikirego cya 2 - Guhamagarira abantu gusuzugura TPIR NA IRMCT

  • Augustin Ngirabatware
  • Aregwa no guhamagarira umutangabuhamya urindiwe umutekano kwisubiraho maze akavuguruza ubuhamya yatanze mu Rukiko cyangwa iki cyaha akakiryozwa aramutse adahamwe n’icyaha cyo mu kirego cya 1
  • Aregwa no guhamagarira abandi bantu gukora icyaha cyo gusuzugura Urukiko kubera kotsa igitutu abatangabuhamya barindiwe umutekano cyangwa iki cyaha akakiryozwa aramutse adahamwe n’icyaha cyo mu kirego cya 1

Ikirego cya 3 - Gusuzugura TPIR na IRMCT

  • Augustin Ngirabatware
  • Abizi neza, yamenyekanishije imyirondoro y’abatangabuhamya barindiwe umutekano arenze ku mategeko yatanzwe n’Urukiko
  • Kuba yaravuganye, mu buryo butemewe, n’umutangabuhamya urindiwe umutekano arenze ku itegeko ryatanzwe n’Urukiko

AMAKURU YEREKERANYE N’URUBANZA

Mu Nyandiko y’ibirego ya mbere yakorewe Nzabonimpa na bagenzi be no mu yakorewe Ngirabatware, havugwamo ko, nyuma y’uko Augustin Ngirabatware ahamijwe burundu, mu bujurire, icyaha cya jenoside n’icyo guhamagarira abantu, mu buryo butaziguye kandi mu ruhame, gukora jenoside, Anselme Nzabonimpa, Jean de Dieu Ndagijimana, Marie Rose Fatuma na Augustin Ngirabatware bakoze ibikorwa bumvikanyeho byo koshya abatangabuhamya kugira ngo imikirize y’urubanza nisubirwamo muri IRMCT, Urugereko ruzemeze ko Ngirabatware ari umwere. Mu Nyandiko z’ibirego havugwamo kandi ko, muri icyo gihe, Dick Prudence Munyeshuli na Augustin Ngirabatware bakoze icyaha cyo gusuzugura Urukiko, barenze ku Mategeko amwe n’amwe yatanzwe n’Urukiko yerekeranye n’abatangabuhamya barindiwe umutekano.

Mu rundi rubanza, iburanisha ryerekeranye no gusubiramo imikirize y’urubanza rwa Ngirabatware ryabaye kuva ku itariki ya 16 kugera ku ya 24 Nzeri 2019. Augustin Ngirabatware yahamagaje abatangabuhamya batandatu. Augustin Ngirabatware arangije gutanga ibimenyetso, Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rwa IRMCT rwumvise imyanzuro y’ababuranyi mu magambo, kugira ngo hasuzumwe niba Ngirabatware yaratanze ibimenyetso bihagije ku buryo byashingirwaho mu kwemera ko hari ikimenyetso gishya. Ku itariki ya 24 Nzeri 2019, Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rwafashe umwanzuro uvuga ko Augustin Ngirabatware atatanze ibyo bimenyetso kandi ko bitari ngombwa kumva ibimenyetso bya Porokireri bivuguruza iby’Ubwunganizi.

Mu Nyandiko y’urubanza, rwerekeranye no gusubiramo imikirize y’urubanza, rwasomwe ku itariki ya 27 Nzeri 2019, Urugereko rw’Ubujurire ntirwemeye ibimenyetso Augustin Ngirabatware yatanze agira ngo agaragaze, mu iburanisha ryerekeranye no gusubiramo imikirize y’urubanza, ko abatangabuhamya b’ingenzi bane batanze ubuhamya bwashingiweho mu kumuhamya icyaha cyo guhamagarira abantu, mu buryo butaziguye kandi mu ruhame, gukora jenoside n’icyo gukangurira abantu gukora jenoside no kubashyigikira mu ikorwa ryayo bisubiyeho koko maze bakavuguruza ubuhamya bari baratanze mbere mu rw’iremezo. Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko Icyemezo cyo guhanisha Augustin Ngirabatware igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 30 gikomeza kubahirizwa cyose uko cyakabaye.